Noun explanation

V2G is a two-way energy flow mechanism in which the battery of an electric vehicle supplies power to the grid when not in use.
The role of batteries in the battery industry: Empowering electric vehicles to become distributed energy storage units, which helps to adjust peak and valley loads, assist in grid stability, and improve energy utilization efficiency.

In battery and energy systems, volatility refers to the instability or drastic changes of variables (such as voltage, current, temperature, or market electricity prices) over time dimensions.

In the role of the battery industry:
It affects the lifespan, safety, and scheduling strategies of battery systems. High volatility current loads will accelerate electrochemical aging and increase thermal risks.

Voltage is the potential difference between the positive and negative poles of a battery, which determines the ability to drive the flow of electrons.

In its role in the battery industry: It determines the energy density, output power, and system configuration of batteries; different application requirements have specific requirements for the voltage platform.

Refers to the maximum or minimum working voltage allowed for a battery cell during the charging or discharging process, exceeding which will cause irreversible damage.

In the role of the battery industry:
It is a key parameter for battery pack design and BMS strategy setting, ensuring safe operation and extending life.

The voltage difference between different cells in a battery pack is usually caused by manufacturing deviations, inconsistent aging, and uneven temperature.
The role in the battery industry: Voltage inconsistency will limit the charging and discharging capacity, induce risks of local overcharge or under-voltage, and affect overall performance and lifespan.

Watt (Watt, symbolized as W) is the standard unit of power in the International System of Units, representing the rate of energy transfer or conversion per unit of time.
Watt represents the power output or absorption capability that a battery can provide at a single moment. It is particularly crucial in the following scenarios:

Measuring output power
For example, an electric vehicle battery has a maximum output of 150 kW, which means it can provide 150,000 W of power instantaneously during acceleration.

Energy storage systems (such as ESS) may need to output or absorb hundreds of kilowatts or even megawatts of power to support grid balance.

Differentiating ‘power’ and ‘energy’
Power (watt) measures the speed – ‘how fast energy conversion occurs’;

Energy (watt-hour) measures the total amount – ‘how long the battery can run’.

WECC is one of the regional entities under the United States National Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC), responsible for the coordination, planning, and operational reliability of the power grid in the western region of North America. The organization’s coverage area includes 14 states in the western United States, as well as parts of Canada and Mexico, making it one of the largest geographical coverage areas for grid coordination in the world.

In the role of the battery/storing industry:
Provide grid connection technical standards, stability assessment criteria, and dispatch participation mechanisms for battery energy storage systems (ESS);

Guide how energy storage projects can participate in grid auxiliary services such as frequency response, peak shaving, and black start;

Review and publish regional transmission expansion planning reports including energy storage access;

Promote the large-scale integration of renewable energy plus storage in the region, ensuring grid stability under high penetration of new energy.