A battery cell is the basic electrochemical unit in a battery system that stores and delivers electrical energy through a chemical reaction. Each cell contains the essential components—an anode, a cathode, an electrolyte, and a separator—that enable the movement of ions internally and electrons through an external circuit to generate electric power.
Core Components:
Anode (negative electrode) – typically made of graphite or lithium-containing materials
Cathode (positive electrode) – usually composed of lithium metal oxides (e.g., NMC, LFP)
Electrolyte – allows ion transport between electrodes (liquid, gel, or solid)
Separator – prevents direct contact between anode and cathode while allowing ion flow
