A Battery Management System (BMS) is an electronic control unit that monitors and manages the performance, safety, and efficiency of a battery pack, especially in lithium-ion and other advanced battery systems.
Core functions of a BMS include:
Monitoring: Tracks real-time parameters such as voltage, current, temperature, and state of charge (SOC) for each cell or module.
Protection: Prevents unsafe operating conditions like overcharging, over-discharging, overcurrent, short circuits, or overheating.
Balancing: Ensures all cells within a battery pack remain at similar voltage levels, improving performance and extending lifespan.
Communication: Interfaces with other systems (e.g., vehicle controllers, grid operators, or energy management software) via protocols like CAN or Modbus.
Diagnostics and Data Logging: Records battery health data and predicts degradation trends, including state of health (SOH) and remaining useful life (RUL).
