The growth of dendrites refers to the phenomenon where metal ions (especially lithium, zinc, or sodium) deposit unevenly on the surface of the negative electrode during the battery charging process, forming metal structures similar to tree branches or needles. This process is particularly common in lithium metal batteries or overcharged lithium-ion batteries.
The causes of dendrite formation: overcharging (high rate), charging under low temperature conditions, surface defects or uneven distribution of activity on the negative electrode material, improper composition of the electrolyte or poor stability of the SEI film, overcharging or abnormal cycling strategies.
