Overcharging refers to the state where the battery is continuously charged beyond its rated voltage limit, exceeding the designed safety range. This process can trigger a series of irreversible physical and chemical reactions, posing a serious threat to the performance and safety of the battery.
Protective mechanisms
Battery Management System (BMS) monitors the voltage of each cell in real time to ensure it does not exceed the set limit (such as 4.2V for Li-ion);
Charger or EMS limitation strategies limit the maximum charging voltage and current;
Thermal management system provides auxiliary cooling to reduce the risk of temperature rise.
