Particle cracking

Particle Cracking refers to the phenomenon where particles of the cathode or anode active material in lithium-ion batteries crack, break, or fragment due to volume changes or mechanical stress during the electrochemical cycle.
The mechanism of occurrence
During the charging and discharging process, the active materials (such as NMC, LFP, Si, etc.) experience volume expansion/shrinkage.
Internal stress accumulation in the microstructure leads to the formation of microcracks at particle boundaries or crystal interfaces.