SoC (State of Charge) represents the percentage of the remaining capacity of the battery to its rated capacity, which is a core indicator for evaluating the battery’s ‘charge level’. SoC Estimation refers to the process of calculating the current remaining battery capacity through various methods and models. Since the ‘charge level’ of the battery cannot be measured directly, it needs to be indirectly estimated through external measurable parameters (such as voltage, current, temperature, etc.).